Avaliação da influência da agitação ultrassônica na resistência de união de dois materiais reparadores utilizados para selar perfurações na furca / Assessment of the influence of ultrasonic agitation on the joint resistance of two repairing materials used to seal perforations in the burning / Evaluación de la influencia de la agitación ultrasónica en la resistencia de la unión de dos materiales de reparación utilizados para sellar otras perforaciones

Avaliou-se a influência da utilização da agitação ultrassônica na resistência de união à dentina, por meio de push-out, proporcionada pelos cimentos MTA-Angelus branco (MTA) e Biodentine (BD), empregados no selamento de perfurações de furca. Foram utilizados 48 primeiros ou segundos molares inferiores, com raízes não fusionadas, distantes cerca de 2 mm entre si na porção cervical das mesmas. Os dentes foram acessados e, em seguida, as raízes foram seccionadas transversalmente abaixo da junção cemento-esmalte. Os dentes foram montados em blocos de silicona de adição e perfurações de furca realizadas em seus assoalhos paralelamente ao longo eixo dos dentes e perpendiculares aos assoalhos dentais. A amostra foi dividida em quatro grupos (n = 12) em função do material reparador e da utilização ou não da agitação ultrassônica (AU). Quando empregada, a AU foi aplicada em 2 ciclos de 20 segundos por meio de inserto cônico liso acionado por ultrassom piezoelétrico. Concluídos os selamentos eles foram protegidos com cimento de ionômero de vidro e os dentes imersos em PBS. Decorridos 7 dias discos com 1 mm de altura foram retirados dos assoalhos dentais com auxílio de cortadora metalográfica e levados à máquina de ensaio universal. Os resultados expressos em MPa foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA dois fatores e de Bonferroni. Os maiores valores de resistência obtidos foram no grupo Biodentine com ultrassom (29,41 MPa), seguidos em ordem decrescente pelos grupos Biodentine sem ultrassom; MTA com ultrassom e MTA sem ultrassom (3,72 MPa). Nas condições do estudo concluiu-se que o BD apresentou maior resistência de união à dentina radicular; ainda, que a agitação ultrassônica influenciou positivamente na resistência de união do material à dentina.

We evaluated the influence of the use of ultrasonic agitation on the resistance to the dentin, by means of push-out, provided by the white MTA-Angelus (MTA) and Biodentine (BD) cements, used in the sealing of drilling holes. 48 first or second lower molars were used, with unfused roots, about 2 mm apart in the cervical portion of them. The teeth were accessed and then the roots were sectioned transversely below the cementenamel junction. The teeth were mounted in addition silicon blocks and hole drills performed on their floors parallel along the axis of the teeth and perpendicular to the dental floorings. The sample was divided into four groups (n = 12) depending on the repair material and whether ultrasonic agitation (AU) was used. When employed, the AU was applied in 2 20-second cycles by means of a smooth conical insert activated by piezoelectric ultrasound. Once the seals were completed, they were protected with glass ionomer cement and the teeth immersed in PBS. After 7 days, 1 mm high disks were removed from the dental floorboards with the aid of a metallographic cutter and taken to the universal test machine. Results expressed in MPa were submitted to two-factor and Bonferroni ANOVA tests. The highest resistance values obtained were in the group Biodentine with ultrasound (29.41 MPa), followed in descending order by the groups Biodentine without ultrasound; MTA with ultrasound and MTA without ultrasound (3.72 MPa). Under the conditions of the study, it was concluded that BD showed greater resistance to root dentin binding; also, that ultrasonic agitation positively influenced the resistance of the material to dentin binding.

influencia del uso de la agitación ultrasónica sobre la resistencia de la unión a la dentina se evaluó mediante un estiramiento, proporcionado por los cementos blancos (MTA) y biodentinos (BD) MTA-Angelus, empleados en el sello de los taladros. Se utilizaron los primeros o segundos molares inferiores, con raíces sin fundir, a unos 2 mm de distancia en la porción cervical de las raíces. Se accedió a los dientes y luego las raíces se seccionaron transversalmente por debajo de la unión cemento-enamel. Los dientes se ensamblaron además bloques de silicona y agujeros de perforación en sus pisos a lo largo del eje de los dientes y perpendiculares al suelo dental. La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos (n = 12) según el material de reparación y si se utilizó o no la agitación ultrasónica (AU). Cuando se empleó, la UA se aplicó en 2 ciclos de 20 segundos mediante una inserción cónica suave activada por ultrasonido piezoeléctrico. Una vez concluidos los sellos, se protegieron con cemento ionómero de vidrio y los dientes se sumergieron en PBS. Al cabo de 7 días, los discos de 1 mm de altura se retiraron del suelo de corte metálico y se llevaron a la máquina de ensayo universal. Los resultados expresados como MPa se presentaron a las pruebas de dos factores ANOVA y Bonferroni. Los valores de resistencia más altos obtenidos fueron en el grupo de Biodentina con ultrasonido (29,41 MPa), seguidos en orden descendente por los grupos de Biodentina sin ultrasonido; MTA de ultrasonido y MTA libre de ultrasonido (3,72 MPa). En las condiciones del estudio se concluyó que la DB mostró mayor resistencia de la unión a la dentina raíz; y que la agitación ultrasónica tuvo una influencia positiva en la resistencia del material a la dentina.

Bio-active cements-Mineral Trioxide Aggregate based calcium silicate materials: a narrative review.

Recent advances in the field of endodontics have greatly improved the outcome and success rate of dental materials. For last three decades, there has been great interest in the development of bioactive dental material with the ability to interact and induce surrounding dental tissues to promote regeneration of pulpal and periradicular tissues. As these bioactive materials are mainly based on calcium silicates, they are also referred to as Calcium Silicate materials. The first material introduced was Mineral Tri-oxide Aggregate, which, due to its favourable biological properties, gained importance initially. However, later, due to its drawbacks, liked is colouration, long setting time and difficult manipulation, several modifications were done and newer bioactive materials, such as Biodentine, BioAggregate, Endosequence, Calcium-Enriched Mixture etc., were developed. The main applications of these materials are for pulp capping (direc t/indirec t), pulpotomy, perforation repair, resorption defects, apexogenesis and as retrograde filling materials, apexification and endodontic sealers. This review discusses the various types of bioactive materials, their composition, setting mechanism, and literature evidence for current applications.

Sealing Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine and Glass Ionomer as Root-End Materials: A Question of Choice.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the sealing ability of MTA, Biodentine, and Fuji IX as root-end materials after ultrasonic retrograde preparation using a dye penetration method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy permanent anterior teeth were used in this study. Root canals were prepared using rotary endodontic files, and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. The resection of the root apices was performed perpendicularly to the long axis, and 3 mm deep retrocavities were made by ultrasonic tips. The samples were randomly divided into three experimental groups (N=20) and two control groups (N=5). The root-end cavities were filled with mineral-trioxide aggregate (Rootdent MTA, TehnoDent, Russia) in Group 1, Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) in Group 2 and Fuji IX GP (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) in Group 3. The retrocavities of the positive control group were left unfilled, while retrocavities in the negative control group were sealed using a flowable composite material. The samples were made transparent, and dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope (x10). The data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The Biodentine group had a lower mean leakage value than the MTA and Fuji IX groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). No statistical difference in apical microleakage was found between the MTA and Fuji IX groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that Biodentine provides better sealing ability as a root-end material than MTA and Fuji IX. There was no statistically significant difference between the sealing ability of MTA and Fuji IX as root-end materials.

Evaluation of Microleakage by Gas Permeability and Marginal Adaptation of MTA and BiodentineTM Apical Plugs: In Vitro Study / Evaluación de la microfiltración por permeabilidad de gas y adaptación marginal de tapones apicales de MTA y BiodentineTM: Estudio in vitro

Abstract The endodontic treatment of teeth with incomplete development is always a complex task. Nowadays, biomaterials such as bioceramics offers promising clinical evidence that supports its use. However, the standardization of its use for apexification purpose still needs a deeper understanding of the materials' behavior. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the marginal adaptability and microleakage by gas permeability of MTA and Biodentine™ apical plugs in an in vitro model. Materials and methods: Twenty- four single rooted human teeth were selected according to previously stablished inclusion criteria. All samples were prepared obtaining standard cylindrical internal canals with a diameter of 1.3 mm. Root canals were gently rinsed using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and EDTA 17%. The apical 3mm and remaining coronal dental structure were sectioned to obtain 10mm roots. Roots were randomly assigned to 3 different groups as follows: GROUP A: MTA (n=10), GROUP B: Biodentine™ (n=10) and Group C: Control (positive n=1, negative n=3). MTA and Biodentine™ were prepared according to manufacturer's indications, and apical plugs of 4mm were passively placed in the correspondent teeth. All samples were stored in saline solution for 7 days at 37°C before evaluation. Samples were mounted in cylindrical sample-holders using epoxy resin. Microleakage was evaluated with an automatic permeability detector that calculates nitrogen diffusion between the material-root interphase. After microleakage evaluation, the samples were recovered and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microleakage results were analyzed using Chi-square and adaptation was evaluated with a descriptive analysis. Results: None of the evaluated materials completely avoided the nitrogen microleakage (positive leakage of 10% and 20% of samples for MTA and Biodentine™ respectively); with no statistical significant difference between groups (p=0.527). All apical plugs showed good adaptation under SEM, at 30x, 200x, 1000x and 2500x; with microscopical structures similar to previous reports. Conclusions: Both bioceramics behave similar when used as apical barriers to avoid permeability, with acceptable marginal adaptation. Further in vivo studies are needed to validate these results.

Resumen El tratamiento endodóntico de dientes con desarrollo incompleto es siempre una tarea compleja. Hoy en día, biomateriales como las biocerámicas ofrecen una evidencia clínica prometedora que apoya su uso. Sin embargo, la estandarización de su uso para fines de apexificación todavía necesita una comprensión más profunda del comportamiento de los materiales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la adaptabilidad marginal y microfiltración por permeabilidad de gas de los tapones apicales de MTA y Biodentine™ en un modelo in vitro. Materiales y métodos: Veiticuatro dientes humanos uniradiculares fueron seleccionados meticulosamente según criterios de inclusión previamente establecidos. Todas las muestras fueron preparadas con canales cilíndricos internos estandarizados de 1,3 mm de diámetro. Los conductos radiculares fueron gentilmente lavados con hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25% y EDTA al 17%. La estructura dental apical de 3 mm y la coronal restante se seccionó para obtener raíces de 10 mm de longitud. Las raíces se asignaron aleatoriamente a 3 grupos diferentes de la siguiente manera: GRUPO A: MTA (n = 10), GRUPO B: Biodentine™ (n = 10) y Grupo C: Control (n = 1 positivo, n = 3 negativos). El MTA y Biodentine™ se prepararon de acuerdo con las indicaciones de los fabricantes, y se colocaron pasivamente los tapones apicales de 4 mm en los dientes correspondientes. Todas las muestras se almacenaron en solución salina durante 7 días a 37ºC antes de la evaluación. Las muestras se montaron en porta-muestras cilíndricos utilizando resina epóxica. La microfiltración se evaluó con un detector de permeabilidad automática que calcula la difusión de nitrógeno entre la interfase material-raíz. Después de la evaluación de microfiltración, las muestras fueron recuperadas y analizadas por microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Los resultados de microfiltración se analizaron utilizando una prueba estadística de Chi-cuadrado y la adaptación se evaluó con un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Ninguno de los materiales evaluados evitó completamente la microfiltración de nitrógeno (fuga positiva de 10% y 20% de muestras para MTA y Biodentine™, respectivamente); sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos (p = 0,527). Todos los tapones apicales mostraron una buena adaptación bajo SEM, a 30x, 200x, 1000x y 2500x; con morfologías similares a las previamente reportadas. Conclusiones: ambas biocerámicas se comportan de forma similar cuando se usan como barreras apicales para evitar la permeabilidad de gas, con adaptación marginal aceptable. Se necesitan más estudios in vivo para validar estos resultados.